What does 'symbolism' mean in literature?

Symbolism in literature refers to the use of symbols—objects, characters, figures, or colors—to represent larger ideas or concepts beyond their literal meaning. By employing symbolism, authors can convey deeper meanings and evoke emotional responses in readers. For instance, a dove may symbolize peace, or a red rose might signify love. This approach encourages readers to think critically about the text and uncover layers of meaning that contribute to overall themes and messages.

The other choices reflect different literary devices or techniques but do not accurately define symbolism. Metaphors are indeed used in character development, but this is a different rhetorical technique focused specifically on comparison. Descriptive language enhances settings but does not relate to the abstract representation found in symbolism. Foreshadowing is a narrative technique that hints at future events, which, while important in storytelling, does not involve creating symbolic meanings through objects or actions.