What does 'context' refer to in literature?

In literature, 'context' refers to the circumstances that influence a piece of writing, which includes various factors such as the social, cultural, historical, and political environment in which the work is created. Understanding the context helps readers grasp the underlying themes and messages the author conveys. For example, knowing the historical events occurring during the time a novel was written can provide insight into the characters' motivations and the plot's development. Context shapes how a work is interpreted and appreciated, revealing deeper meanings that might not be immediately apparent without that background information.

The other options focus on different aspects of literature that do not encompass the full scope of 'context.' The emotional tone relates specifically to the mood of the text. The historical background of the author can contribute to context but is just one facet of it. The specific events in the story are important to plot development but do not capture the broader circumstances influencing the narrative as a whole.